Noise can be a stressor, and the physiological effects of noise can be temporary or permanent. The most common examples of temporary physiological effects of noise are startle and changes in heart beat pattern. These responses are similar to responses to other stressors.
There is significant debate over whether aircraft noise causes long-term physiological effects. The most common claims are similar stress-related illnesses, including cardiac issues and increased blood pressure. However, no long-term statistical studies there have been no studies to date that have found significant results